Romanticism - III
Orientalism
Orientalism
In art history, literature and cultural studies, orientalism is the imitation or depiction of aspects of the Eastern world (or "Orient") by writers, designers, and artists from the Western world. Orientalist painting, particularly of the Middle East, was one of the many specialties of 19th-century academic art, and Western literature was influenced by a similar interest in Oriental themes.
Since the publication of Edward Said's Orientalism in 1978, much academic discourse has begun to use the term 'Orientalism' to refer to a general patronizing Western attitude towards Middle Eastern, Asian, and North African societies. In Said's analysis, 'the West' essentializes these societies as static and undeveloped—thereby fabricating a view of Oriental culture that can be studied, depicted, and reproduced in the service of imperial power. Implicit in this fabrication, writes Said, is the idea that Western society is developed, rational, flexible, and superior. This allows 'Western imagination' to see 'Eastern' cultures and people as both alluring and a threat to Western civilization.
Jean-François Portaels
1818 – 1895
Jean-François Portaels or Jan Portaels (3 April 1818 – 8 February 1895) was a Belgian painter of genre scenes, biblical stories, landscapes, portraits and orientalist subjects. He was also a teacher and director of the Academy of Fine Arts of Ghent and the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels. He is regarded as the founder of the Belgian Orientalist school. He was praised in his time as the premier painter of 'everyday elegance and feminine grace'. Through his art, teaching and his leadership of the Académie Royale in Brussels he exerted an important influence on the next generation of Belgian artists, including his pupil Théo van Rysselberghe.
Self-portrait
Oriental Beauty
Oriental Beauty
Oriental Beauty
Oriental Woman
Jew woman from Tangier
Oriental Beauty
Portrait of a Young Girl with a Mask
Oriental Woman
Oriental Woman
Portrait of a Young Girl
Portrait of a Young Moroccan Woman
The Tambourine Player in Repose
Young Arab Woman from Tanger
Young Girl
Idyll
Jewish Woman from Cairo
Odalisque
The slave market
Oriental Woman
Southern Fair
The new jewels
Theodore Chasseriau
1819 - 1856
Théodore Chassériau (September 20, 1819 – October 8, 1856) was a Dominican-born French Romantic painter noted for his portraits, historical and religious paintings, allegorical murals, and Orientalist images inspired by his travels to Algeria. Early in his career he painted in a Neoclassical style close to that of his teacher Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, but in his later works he was strongly influenced by the Romantic style of Eugène Delacroix. He was a prolific draftsman, and made a suite of prints to illustrate Shakespeare's Othello. The portrait he painted at the age of 15 of Prosper Marilhat makes Chassériau the youngest painter exhibited at the Louvre museum.
A self-portrait of Chassériau painted at the age of 16
Andromeda and the Nereids
1840
Desdemona Retiring to her Bed
1849
The Toilet of Esther
1841
Medea about to Kill her Children
1846-50
Orientalist Interior: Nude in a Harem
1850-52
Sappho Leaping into the Sea from the Leucadian Promontory
c. 1840
The Tepidarium
1853
Vénus marine dite Vénus Anadyomène
1838
Study of a Man
1832
Macbeth and Banquo Meeting the Witches on the Heath
1855
Othello and Desdemona in Venice
1850
Scene in the Jewish Quarter of Constantine
1851
Adèle et Aline Chassériau
1843
Danseuses mauresques
1849
Odalisque
Young Moorish Woman Nursing Her Child
1850
Woman and girl from Constantine with a gazelle
Scène de Harem, Femme Mauresque à sa toilette
Jean-Leon Gerome
1824 - 1904
Jean-Léon Gérôme (11 May 1824 – 10 January 1904) was a French painter and sculptor in the style now known as academicism. His paintings were so widely reproduced that he was "arguably the world's most famous living artist by 1880." His range of his works includes historical paintings, Greek mythology, Orientalism, portraits, and other subjects. He is considered one of the most important painters from this academic period. He was also a teacher with a long list of students.
Gérôme with Emma Dupont, the model for Omphale
c. 1885
The Slave Market
c. 1866
The Cock Fight
1846
Greek Interior
1848
Slave Market in Rome
c. 1884
King Candaules of Lydia
1859
Pollice Verso
1872
Pool in a Harem
c. 1876
Snake Charmer
c. 1879
Duel after a Masked Ball
1857
Ave Caesar! Morituri te Salutant
1859
The Artist and His Model
1890
Dahesh Museum of Art; Gérôme depicts himself sculpting Tanagra, likely from model Emma Dupont, with Pygmalion and Galatea in the background.
Pygmalion and Galatea
1969
Pygmalion and Galatea
c. 1890
La fin de séance (The End of the Session)
1886
Self-portrait, painting The Ball Player
1902
Truth Coming Out of Her Well
1896
Mendacibus et histrionibus occisa in puteo jacet alma Veritas
(The nurturer Truth lies in a well, having been killed by liars and actors
1895)
Truth is at the Bottom of the Well
1895
Buying A Slave
1857
A Roman Slave Market
c. 1884
The Slave Market
1871
Phryne Before the Areopagus (detail)
1861
A depiction of Phryne, a famous hetaera (courtesan) of Ancient Greece, being disrobed before the Areopagus. Phryne was on trial for profaning the Eleusinian Mysteries, and is said to have been disrobed by Hypereides, who was defending her, when it appeared the verdict would be unfavourable. The sight of her nude body apparently so moved the judges that they acquitted her. Some authorities claim that this story is a later invention.
Anacreon, Bacchus, and Eros
1848
The Slave Market
1871
Michelangelo Being Shown the Belvedere Torso
1849
An Idyll (Daphnis and Chloe)
1858
Diogenes
1860
The Christian Martyrs' Last Prayer
1863
Napoleon in Egypt
c. 1863
Evening Prayer, Cairo
1865
Heads of the Rebel Beys at the Mosque of El Hasanein, Cairo
1866
Cleopatra and Caesar
1866
The Death of Caesar
1867
The Execution of Marshal Ney
1868
The Harem in the Kiosk
c. 1870–1875
Femme circassienne voilée, or Veiled Circassian Beauty
1876
The Dance of the Almeh
1863
Bonaparte Before the Sphinx
1867 - 1868
Moorish Bath
1870
The Large Pool of Bursa
1885
Moorish Bath
1885
The Bathers
1889
The Wailing Wall
1880
The Antique Pottery Painter: Sculpturæ vitam insufflat pictura (painting breathes life into sculpture)
1893
Leda and the Swan
1895
Maria Fortuny
1838 - 1874
Marià Josep Maria Bernat Fortuny i Marsal (June 11, 1838 – November 21, 1874), known more simply as Marià Fortuny or Mariano Fortuny, was the leading Spanish painter of his day, with an international reputation. His brief career encompassed works on a variety of subjects common in the art of the period, including the Romantic fascination with Orientalist themes, historicist genre painting, military painting of Spanish imperial expansion, as well as a prescient loosening of brush-stroke and color.
Self portrait
The Odalisque
1861
The Odalisque
1862
Fantasy about Faust
Hindu snake charmers
The Tapestry Seller
1870
Carmen Bastian
c. 1871
African Beach
c. 1867
The Nude on Portici Beach
The Odalisque
A Moroccan woman in traditional dress
Arab husband
